The Western Australian Convicts

British convicts transported to Western Australia between 1850 and 1868 were not as positively selected regarding their human capital as early historical accounts suggest. The heights of the convicts were not statistically different from those of British prisoners who were not transported. While few were skilled, the proportion of construction workers was higher than expected, consistent with selection for the needs of the colonial government's works on infrastructure. Data on inmates of Fremantle Prison allow validation of height measurements and occupational statements in the convict list. Australian-born prisoners were taller than those who came from Britain as free immigrants.     

Urban Laboratories: Experiments in Reworking Cities

The notion of the ‘urban laboratory’ is increasingly striking a chord with actors involved in urban change. Is this term simply a metaphor for urban development or does it suggest urbanization by substantially different means? To answer this question, we review the work of science and technology studies (STS) scholars who have empirically investigated laboratories and practices of experimentation over the past three decades to understand the significance of these spaces of experimentation in urban contexts. Based on this overview of laboratory studies, we argue that urban laboratories and experimentation involve three key achievements — situatedness, change‐orientation and contingency — that are useful for evaluating and critiquing those practices that claim to be urban laboratories. We conclude by considering some future directions of research on urban laboratories.     

Learning through experimentation in an oligopoly market with asymmetric information

Unlike previous literature, in which firms compete in the market with the same information, this article analyses a two‐period duopoly game in which only one firm is completely informed about the market conditions, whereas the other firm is unaware of one parameter of the demand curve. In this setting, we describe how the informed firm uses its price set in period 1 in order to reveal or to hide its private information and how the uninformed firm uses its own price in period 1 in order to learn the market conditions when they are not revealed by its rival. Specifically, we obtained the conditions under which the informed firm sets a higher price than its optimum in the first period to hide its private information in certain cases and to reveal that information in others. Likewise, this paper describes the conditions under which the uninformed firm sets a lower price than its optimum in period 1 in order to learn the unknown parameter. We found that the informed firm's cost of revealing its private information to its rival is lower than the uninformed firm's cost of learning the market conditions.     

水产业上市公司生物资产会计信息披露研究

本文以中水集团、中鲁集团、中昌海运、獐子岛集团、开创国际、好当家、东方海洋、大湖股仹8家水产业上市公司为例,运用案例分析法,对其2013年披露的生物资产会计信息的分析发现,水产业上市公司主要集中对消耗性生物资产、存货、重大风险的披露,普遍存在生物资产信息披露不足、披露方式不规范以及披露质量不高等问题。文章从完善会计准则会计信息披露、加强各方的监管职能以及加强企业的风险管理等方面提出改进建议,为完善水产业公司生物资产信息披露提供有益启示。     

生物进化、种群生态学及商业集群

商业集群并不是僵化的"中间性组织",而是生命有机体,商业集群的形成是商业企业之间不断竞争的结果,商业集群的发展与生物进化之间必然存在很多相似性。文章基于商业集群的特点,应用生物进化理论及种群生态学相关理论对商业集群进行分析。研究结果表明,合作与竞争机制在商业集群保持生态均衡过程中起着非常重要的作用,集群内商业企业之间存在既竞争又合作的关系。一方面,商业集群内的商业企业之间通过共享资源,实现集群内商业企业之间的互利共生与优势互补,进而提高整个商业集群系统循环的效率与质量,降低交易费用,相互合作的商业企业之间也可通过相互学习获得技术溢出效应,在共同利益与各自利益基础上,实现运营效率的提高;另一方面,商业集群内企业之间通过竞争,实现稀缺性资源的有效配置,提高整个商业集群系统的效率,防止商业集群内商业企业之间发生因合作而导致的损害消费者利益的"串谋"现象。这种商业集群内各商业企业之间既竞争又合作的关系,使得商业集群就像一个完整的生态系统一样,通过自然选择,最终实现优胜劣汰,效益好的商业企业得到了进一步的发展,而亏损的商业企业则面临破产的命运。     

基于云南省生物医药与大健康产业的专利分析与布局建议

对云南省近十年来的生物医药与大健康产业的专利申请数量进行检索，经过数据的筛选，从每年专利申请数量、主要申请人、技术领域等多个方面分析，分析其中的规律，对科研机构及政府产业布局提供一定的建议。     

企业进化的基因结构模型及其启示

文章结合生物进化论和演化经济学等学科的相关研究,以企业成长进化论为理论基础,指出企业核心理念和惯例分别构成了决定企业异质性和成长状况的组织基因的双层结构,并进一步通过构建企业进化的组织基因结构模型对企业进化三种机制进行全面深入论述,以期对企业的成长过程做一新的理论探讨,并对我国企业实现可持续成长有所启示。     

Addiction – and rational choice theory

Becker and Murphy's theory is a well‐known contribution to economists on the discussion of addiction. This class of rational choice theory is still the most important reference for economists studying addiction. In this paper, the model and the economist's rational choice theory were challenged by modern neurobiological theory. The paper suggested reconstruction work of the standard inter‐temporal choice model along four lines to reduce the gap between the theory and the clinical definition of addiction: (1) a discount rate that varies; (2) revision of the concept consumption capital; (3) the possibility for genetic predisposition to addiction (even if the research up to now has not identified such a gene); and (4) social mechanisms that influence our behaviour.     

浅谈我省建立生物医药产业基地对于价值链延伸和产业化升级的意义

21世纪是生命科学的时代,生物技术的作用和潜力日益显现,以生物技术为支撑的生物产业,正在成为一个新的最具活力的经济增长点。未来谁拥有生物技术创新优势,谁就能占据生物产业竞争的制高点,掌握未来经济竞争的主动权。河北省生物医药产业基地的建设对于我省的生物产业发展是有重要意义的,本文就对此进行了分析研究。     

吉林省发展低碳经济的对策与战略研究

发展低碳经济是实现生态文明和可持续发展的必由之路。低碳经济要求经济发展实现低排放、低污染、低能耗的生产方式。吉林省能源储量相对缺乏、经济发展严重依赖第二产业,而能耗高、排放高的行业又主要集中于第二产业的重工业领域。因此,分别以化工行业、汽车行业、建筑行业、冶金矿业和农业这些高能耗的行业为切入点,探索吉林省发展低碳经济的对策更具可操作性和实际意义。